The Almanac Singers were a New
York City-based folk music group, active between 1940 and 1943, founded by
Millard Lampell, Lee Hays, Pete Seeger, and Woody Guthrie. The group
specialized in topical songs, mostly songs advocating an anti-war, anti-racism
and pro-union philosophy. They were part of the Popular Front, an alliance of
liberals and leftists, including the Communist Party USA.
Almanac members Millard Lampell,
Lee Hays, Pete Seeger, and Woody Guthrie began playing together informally in
1940 or 1941. Pete Seeger and Guthrie had met at Will Geer's Grapes of Wrath
Evening, a benefit for displaced migrant workers, in March 1940. That year,
Seeger joined Guthrie on a trip to Texas and California to visit Guthrie's
relatives. Hays and Lampell had rented a New York City apartment together in
October 1940, and on his return Seeger moved in with them. They called their
apartment Almanac House, and it became a center for leftist intellectuals as
well as crash pad for folksingers, including (in 1942) Sonny Terry and Brownie
McGhee.
The Almanacs' first record
release, an album of three 78s called Songs for John Doe, written to protest
the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940, the first peacetime draft in
U.S. history.
Songs for John Doe attacked big
American corporations (such as J.P. Morgan and DuPont), repeating the Party's
line that they had supported German rearmament, and during the period of
re-armament in 1941, were now vying for government contracts to build up the
defenses of the U.S. Besides being anti-union, these corporations were a focus
of progressive and black activist anger because they barred blacks from
employment in defense work. The album also criticized President Roosevelt's
unprecedented peacetime draft, insinuating that he was going to war for J.P.
Morgan.
The Almanac's second album,
Talking Union, also produced by Bernay, was a collection of six labor songs:
"Union Maid", "I Don't Want Your Millions Mister",
"Get Thee Behind Me Satan", "Union Train", "Which Side
Are You On?", and the eponymous "Talking Union
In 1942, Army intelligence and
the FBI determined that the Almanacs and their former anti-draft message were a seditious threat to recruitment and the
morale of the war effort among blacks and youth. The group disbanded in late
1942 or early 1943.